Idiopathic Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in a Dog: a Case Study

A five year old male spitz weighing 15kg was brought with a complaint of blood mixed urine and emesis since 2 days. Detailed clinical examination was conducted and samples were collected. Faecal sample did not reveal ova of any parasite. Wet film and blood smear examinations were negative. Hematology revealed decrease in RBC count (2.9 millions/cumm), hemoglobin (5.3g/dl), VPRC (16%) and platelet count (1, 30,000/cumm) and increased WBC count (46,600/ cumm). Serum biochemistry showed hyperproteinemia and increased serum urea and creatinine values. Ultrasonagraphy was performed and revealed congestion of liver and loss of architecture of kidneys. The animal died during the treatment and was subjected to the detailed postmortem examination. Heart blood examination revealed erythro-phagocytosis, suggestive of immune mediated hemolytic anemia. On histopathological examination of kidney, the tubular epithelium showed degenerative and necrotic changes. The results are analyzed and discussed.